Political Role of Muslims Students and Women During Pakistan Moment 1936-1947 Political Role of Muslims Students and Women During Pakistan Moment 1936-1947

Hundred years of M uslim’s rule in subcontinent has become end with the tragic story of decline. The rulers of time turned into slaves and their condition has become miserable. The new colonial masters oppressed them and used all tactics to crush them. As a result, Muslims lost their social, religious, political and cultural greatness, according to William Hunter, Muslims have changed from the richest class to the poorest. After the evolution of the two-nation theory, they felt the need to re-establish their identity and then decided on a political struggle. After the Allahabad address of 1930, when Quaid-e-Azam took over the political leadership, he soon realized that all sections of the Muslim community in the society must be involved in the political struggle. With this objective in mind, it was decided to set up the Muslim Students Federation and the Muslim League W omen's Branch. After their establishment, students and Muslim women performed their duties and responsibilities well. They played a key role in the struggle. It was their work that they transformed Muslim League into an electoral party. Student over women turned the successful election campaign of 1945-46 into a successful political struggle. During this time, Muslim students and women thwarted government tactics through their political roles. And the creation of Pakistan is due to their full political will. This paper highlights the political struggle of Muslim students and women during freedom moment of Pakistan.


Introduction
After the War of Independence 1857, Muslims faced decline and lost all their glorious memories in Subcontinent. The colonial masters oppressed them in every walk of life. Twentieth century started with the concept of Muslim nationalism in India and they started new struggle for their freedom. Allama Iqbal's address was a future road map for the Indian Muslims. With political leader ship, Muslim students and Muslim women played a key role in freedom moment. It was due to the hard work and sincere efforts of Muslim students and Muslim women, All India Muslim League won the elections ' 1945-1946. This paper explores the work and contribution of remarkable Muslims students and women who contributed during freedom moment of Pakistan.

Research Methodology
For this historical paper due to the documentary data of research the historic method based on the ualitative approach of research. The data is related to the historical method consists [ 22 ] on primary and secondary sources i.e. books, articles, essays, newspapers and personal dairies. Letters etc.

Review of Literature
For this paper the most relevant data was consulted as the literature have its own importance in research. For this topic the books, emergence of Pakistan, (Makers of Pakistan and Modern Muslim India, Pakistan Naguzeer Tha, Struggle for Pakistan Final Phase, A Nation is Born, Quaid-e-Azam Aor Unka Ahad, Pakistan the Formative Phase, Memaran-e-Pakistan, Yad-e-Raftgan, Hamari Qaomi Jido-johad, Muslim Women's Role in Pakistan, The Punjab Muslim Students Federation, Father and Daughter: A Political Autobiography e.tc. are more remarkable.

Discussion
Muslim educational institutions played a special role. Students of Aligarh School and College were prominent in these educational institutions. Later students of other institutions also started joining the movement. One of the reasons for this was the failure of the 1937 elections. After the formation of the Muslim Students Federation from the platform of the Muslim League, it was declared a sub-branch of the Muslim League. Therefore, the union formed by these students under the name of All India Muslim Student Federation decided to convene a conference of students from all over South Asia. A meeting of Muslim students was held in Calcutta in December 1937 under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. In which Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah advised you to play a role in making the Muslim League active, so the students spread all over the subcontinent for this purpose. The result was that the Muslim League The students, on the advice of Quaid-e-Azam, adopted a strategy to make the Muslim League a popular people's party. Baba not only spread the Muslim League throughout the subcontinent. On the contrary, its small branches were established all over the subcontinent under the name of Muslim Student Federation. In Punjab, the Taliban played a vital role in organizing the Muslim League. Therefore, at the invitation of this organization, the Grand Mufti of Palestine was also invited to visit here. The books against the revival of the Renaissance and its revival were an important step. The Punjab Students' Association was the first office to be established in Lahore. Ali Muhammad Khadim, one of the leading leaders of the Taliban, also belonged to the same organization, as well as those who protected the interests of Muslims during the Unionist regime. On the contrary, he launched a full-fledged campaign against the Congress which was working against the interests of the Muslims. This student organization did its best to protect the interests of Muslims and often worked underground. Its activities were kept secret so that the government would not be aware of its various ideas and its activities would be kept secret. Dr. Allama Mohammad Iqbal also patronized this organization and from time to time gave advice from his expert opinion. 1 Later, when Chaudhry Rehmat Ali started an organization called Pakistan National Movement, this organization breathed new life into the students. In fact, it is the Pakistan National Movement that later paved the way for the Muslim Student Federation in Punjab. Named Punjab Muslim Student Federation.2 The organization, while playing a pivotal role, decided to include Allah not only in Punjab but [ 23 ] also in all other Muslim-majority areas and through it, students from Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan, Kashmir, Bengal and other Muslim minority areas joined the Muslim Student Federation. Decided to include. Many of the big names of that time who were great experts were student leaders. Among those who joined were Hamid Nizami, Mian Muhammad Shafi Abdul Salam, Khurshid Makhdoom Abbasi, Hamad-ud-Din. The meeting was held in September 1947 in the staff room of Islamia College Lahore‫3.۔‬ These people were elected President, Vice President, Secretary and Asad Stream respectively. While the number of members of the working committee was fifteen and after the Student Federation, when there was opposition, both pro-Hindu Muslims and Congress were ordinary Muslims, now they are in Muslim Student Federation. There was no interest and they started opposing it while the Muslim affiliated to the Muslim League who is a worshiper remained in the forefront as a front line and took full part in the Pakistan movement. The next meeting of the troubled was Islamia. It was held on September 29, 1929 in Habib Hall of the College and its special feature was that not only a large number of Muslim students from all over Punjab but also the teachers participated in it and the Muslim League leadership also participated in it and An impression was given later. The meeting was chaired by Malik Barkat Ali and he made it clear to the students that he came to the forefront of the Muslim League and it is almost impossible without the participation of the Muslim League. When it was decided to form a marriage for the whole country, a resolution was presented. Now many people who were in support of this resolution joined and also gave a speech. The meeting was chaired by Malik Barkat Ali. Who was a key member of the key leadership of the Muslim League as well as some people who spoke in support of the resolution as well as in opposition, including a well-known name but the Muslim League Were in shape with his full support, the resolution in favor of the establishment of the India Muslim Student Federation was passed.4 Playing an active role, the organization decided to include not only Punjab but all other Muslim-majority areas and through it decided to include students from Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan, Kashmir, Bengal and other Muslim minority areas in the Muslim Student Federation. Many of the great names of that time were the students who were the leaders of the great scholars who were settled. Among them was Hamid Nizami Mian Muhammad Shafi Abdul Salam Khurshid Makhdoom Abbasi Hammad-ud-Din. The same people were elected President, Vice President, Secretary and Asad Stream respectively.4 While the number of members of the working committee was fifteen and later when the student federation was opposed, both pro-Hindu Muslims and the Congress were ordinary Muslims, now they were not interested in the Muslim student federation and they started opposing it while the Muslim League The Muslims who are associated with the Worshipers of Islam remained in the forefront as every frontier and took full part in the Pakistan movement. What was special about it was that not only Muslim students from all over Punjab participated in it but also teachers participated in it. The Muslim League leadership also participated in it and later some impression was given. The meeting was chaired by Malik Barkat Ali and he made it clear to the students that he came to the forefront of the Muslim League and it is almost impossible without the participation of the Muslim League. When it was decided to form a marriage for the whole country, a resolution was presented. Now many people who were in support of this resolution joined and also gave a speech. The meeting was chaired by Malik Barkat Ali. Who was a key member of the key leadership of the Muslim

[ 24 ]
League, as well as some who spoke in support of the resolution as well as in opposition, including one well-known. But with the full support of the Muslim League in the form of students and teachers, the resolution in favor of the establishment of the India Muslim Student Federation was passed. Between 1937 and 1947, the Muslim Students Federation took the Muslim League to the corners of the country, making it the most popular party of Muslims, but also other Muslim parties, including the Unionist staff with the Jamiat Ulema Deoband. If there were any other small parties, all of them were brought under the influence of the Muslim League and their power was broken. The Assam Students Federation has made a whirlwind tour of the whole country to pave the way for the establishment of Pakistan Along with the great Muslim leaders who used to go there, the songs included Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Liaquat Ali Khan Raja Sahib Mahmoodabad Malik Barkat Ali Mian Iftikharuddin and many other big names. In a meeting, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah clearly instructed the students that it is only the responsibility of the students to take the Muslim League to the Muslims in remote and rural areas and if they fulfill this responsibility, we will succeed in making us a representative party of Muslims. The effect of Riaz Naseehat was that the Muslim students who were there spread to all corners and in just five or six years the Muslim Student Federation performed the historic feat that the Muslim League was not only in all Muslim majority areas but also It became so popular even within the Muslim minority areas that it was a complete success in the elections. The victory of the Muslim League in the 1945 elections was the result of your hard work5. And we see that the significant success of the Muslim League as a result of socialization was also acknowledged in the leadership of the Muslim League. Started regular protests in Bengal from Bengal to Calcutta to the whole subcontinent. This is what the Taliban affiliated to the Muslim Student Federation protested on various issues and as we see their protest There was a time in CP against the un-Islamic symbol of the university or against the Banda Matram or against the paper flags that were erected on government buildings. The Muslim Student Federation's protest bill is mentioned and they continued to represent Muslims by giving the Congress government a tough time. When the Congress government launched a formal movement against Urdu in Madras and tried to eliminate it, The League or the students put up strong resistance against it and continued their struggle which resulted in the movement against the waves of the Congress. It did not reach its logical conclusion and it failed in this way. Another major achievement of the Muslim Student Federation was the 1945 Punjab election. In this election, playing a full role in the Muslim Student Federation, not only in Punjab, I played a role in defeating it, but later became a puppet. He also strongly opposed the formation of the government, as Governor Glacier, who played a key role in forming the Congress-led government and led the civil disobedience movement, was a member of the Muslim Student Federation after the arrest of the Muslim League leadership. He took history into his own hands and thousands of people went out and students protested every day. During the protest, Fatima's role was very prominent.5 Khizair Hiyat finally became helpless in the face of student protests and in the midst of this helplessness he finally decided to resign and the university government which he had ended in Punjab. If we look at the women in the Tehreek-e-Pakistan, the students as well as the women played a full role and therefore the women did not become active during the whole movement. The first of the women to take the first step. She was also a mother. She was brought up in her lap by people like Ali Brothers who were full of heart and soul. At the same time Maulana Hasrat Mohani's wife and daughter used to come to the meetings wearing big long sheets and expel women and that is why women played the role of women and ensured full participation of women within the Muslim League. Khan and Nasir Ali as well as spreading the Muslim League to other provinces. The proportion of women was decided for and it was also suggested to do what is the organization of women which has been formally implemented. Similarly, when we look at our 940 resolution, the Muslim League 36 was already working for the resolution passed in Lahore. Along with its interpretation, it was also considering plans to make it a success. The League was present in large numbers and a reception was also arranged for the reception of the women leaders. The same thing happened in the women's meeting at 12.40 Barkat Ali Islami. What are the ways to make the March meeting a success. On the occasion of the annual meeting of the Muslim League on March 23, 1940, a large number of women joined and attended every meeting to prove that women are standing side by side in the struggle of the Muslim League in the presidential address where all issues He also paid tribute to the women and termed their cooperation as a milestone in achieving the goal. The women leaders also addressed the meeting with Begum Nawab Hafeez-ud-Din Baig, Mirza Asadullah Baig and others in mind. Representatives of women are involved in the recent clash between the Punjab government and the Khaksars movement in Lahore.8 In addition, a procession of women carrying placards marched through the main streets of Lahore on March 23 in support of Muslim women whose last and most important achievements were mentioned in the meeting. The provincial government did not resist. This was the first large-scale peaceful protest of women and most of the houses here came out in favor of the resolution of Pakistan. Abdul Qadir and Fatima Begum performed admirable organizational work in the conferences held under the chairmanship of Barkat Ali. Similarly, in February 1939, Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain Khanum Salma Abdul Aziz Majeed Abdul Rab Nishtar addressed the Quaid-e-Azam's address at the Women's Garden in Lahore. And during the meeting, Quaid-e-Azam was assured that women will never lag behind and will not hesitate to make any sacrifice keeping in view the goal of Pakistan. I not only appreciated the spirit of women but also said that the nation It cannot move forward unless the women of this society are also affected by the destruction of this nation. The government should also realize that we Muslims are not only a separate nation but we have a separate identity and we have a separate identity. In any case, they will not hesitate to make sacrifices for the sake of survival and will always be alive. Similarly, from 1942 to 1945, there was no problem for the All India Muslim League that it did not raise at the national level.9 Along with national issues, women also played a significant role in provincial issues. In this, women appeared in the forefront. Not only did she go home, but she explained to the women, informed them about the establishment and purpose of Pakistan and mentioned its positive results, and at the same time, the atrocities perpetrated on non-Muslims were also exposed to women. How harmful it can be for the Muslims in Punjab, so their efforts led to the success of the Muslim League in Punjab and women played an important role in civil disobedience, not only forced the General to give this time, but so He was buried forever. The Muslim League won a landslide victory in the 1946 elections in Punjab. The Governor of Punjab had joined the Congress and was not ready to give a ministry to the Muslim League. Somehow this government should be stopped. Succeeded in forming government Muslim women strongly condemned the behavior of Nazir Wasim Gulshabad Green Sea and in this context I will not leave I thought LESCO call for a complete strike a peaceful need of students Hindu stones everywhere killed When the riots broke out and the riots started, the brilliant role of the students became prominent in these riots when Muhammad Malik held the flag of the Muslim League and did not panic at all, as a result of which he was martyred. So Muhammad Malik is declared as the first martyr of Tehreek-e-Pakistan. It was assumed that he would handle them and stop them from protesting. Hindu troops have reached the spot. Weapons were used by you and as a result seven people were injured. This incident against the students. As a result, the leadership of the Muslim League joined the protest and took charge of the protest on its numbers.10 The government took steps to persuade him to relinquish power, but despite the demands of the Muslim League, the government was sticking to its stand. As a result, the protest spread throughout Punjab and was confined to Lahore. As the stubbornness of the party continued, the protests spread and as a result, the women of the Muslim League also staged a procession inside Lahore, which has been held in Lahore for six months, urging the government to leave another power. When the book did not pay attention to the situation, the result was that the situation deteriorated. On January 24, 1947, the Punjab government declared the Muslim League National Guards illegal and occupied its office. During the Hindu police party, there was a clear intention to harass the PML-N and seize the PML-N office and seize the record from Muslim state in this constitution. Later it was proved from all over Punjab that these parties whose constitution included the establishment of an independent Muslim state The Taliban of Punjab played a leading role in the demand of Pakistan and repeated the same demand in the annual meeting of the Muslim League in Lahore. Therefore, the Quaid-e-Azam also visited all over the Punjab, as the Quaid-e-Azam addressed the meeting in Sialkot and said that we will not give any more time.If he works against the interests of Muslims then we will make Punjab a graveyard of universities. The Taliban continued to work on their mission and that is why under the enthusiastic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam, There was also the role of the children of Sindh who managed to run an organized movement here. Similarly, if we talk about the students of Sindh, then also within Sindh, the different classes of Muslims who had a key position in the town and their center Sindh Madrasa-ul-Islam was Karachi Sindh Madrasa-ul-Islam Karachi was a group of Muslim students from Sindh Muslim Student Federation.12 And they had become active all over Sindh. The members of the Muslim Student Federation, playing the role of vanguard, not only launched a full-fledged campaign in the whole of Sindh in the Tehreek-e-Pakistan, but also invited the Quaid-e-Azam to come to Karachi. A meeting was held in late 1943 which changed the atmosphere of Sindh and became the strongest house of SIM Tehreek-e-Pakistan. The Sindh Assembly first passed a resolution in favor of Pakistan and demanded a separate homeland. Even during the 1945-46 elections, the Sindh Muslim Students Federation not only launched a full-fledged campaign for the Sindh Assembly elections in the whole of Sindh. Rather, the village has reached home and that is why the PML-N will win in 28 out of 34 mosques in Sindh which was a complete fear and a clear sign of the success of the Muslim League based on the full role of the weather student federation we see That it was a complete province which first demanded a separate Islamic state, but in this context the resolution of Pakistan in 1940 was unanimously passed by the Sindh Assembly. Speaking of NWFP students, they were second to none. Quaid-e-Azam paid a stormy visit to NWFP and focused on organizing the students. For this purpose, Quaid-e-Azam visited Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan and played a key role in arranging the students. Azam visited Islamia College Peshawar where he was warmly welcomed by the students. Muslim students in Peshawar were also active in the Tehreek-e-Azadi.13.
And especially among the students of NWFP, especially Fida Mohammad Khan Sardar Mohammad Hayat Khan is a minister. He was very famous because whenever Quaid-e-Azam came to Peshawar, he would definitely meet the students of Islamia College, Edward College, Peshawar. He was convinced of the struggle. He was convinced that success in the movement in NWFP would not be possible without the cooperation of the Muslim Student Federation. Had become. This was nothing short of a challenge for the Muslim League. With the announcement of the referendum, the Quaid-e-Azam mobilized the Muslim schools and these people of the Muslim Student Federation spread throughout the NWFP and reached home to the people in favor of Pakistan. I persuaded them to vote. As a result, despite the best efforts of the Congress and its allies, the PML-N won the drama and joined the NWFP. Through them they succeeded here. Like the rest of the provinces, if we talk about Balochistan, Balochistan was not behind any of you. The students of Balochistan who are active also played a significant role. Although there are Muslim Student Federations in Balochistan, Decided to form Muslim Students Federation during his visit and during his visit. Establishment of Muslim Students Federation in Balochistan does not work with an institution. The first president was elected and he convened a meeting. He addressed the first meeting of the Quetta Balochistan Muslim Student Federation and urged the students to move forward unitedly and fight for their rights.14 The decision of the British government to allow Pakistan to join Pakistan or India through a referendum through a royal jirga instead of elections even within Balochistan, then the Taliban fought hard here and for the people of Balochistan In particular, he forced the people of Shah Zindagi to go and vote for Pakistan. In this case, the boy may have voted for Pakistan by an overwhelming majority and decided to join them. The role of students in history will remain incomplete and it would be a great exaggeration not to include the students of Aligarh. It was the Aligarh Movement of Leadership from whose platform the All India Muslim League came into being and the Muslim League spokesman for the interests of the Muslims said that the Tehreek-e-Pakistan had a deep connection with Aligarh history. The teachers and students were the first preachers and poets of the Muslim League and were active members of the Tehreek-e-Pakistan in passing the Pakistan Muslim League resolution.When Quaid-e-Azam visited Aligarh in 1936, he addressed the teachers and students and assured them of his support. Professor Jameel-ud-Din Ahmed wrote a pro-Pakistan essay and fought for it, an example of which can be seen in the 1945 elections when Aligarh students reached out to all corners of India on the occasion of the by-elections. But the students of Aligarh played a vital role and at the voice of Quaid-e-Azam, they reached every constituency and every corner, reached far-flung places, traveled on bicycles and introduced the status of establishment of Pakistan to the people.15 Look at the leading women of Tehreek-e-Pakistan who have played an active role. One of them is the mother of the nation Fatima Jinnah who was the sister of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and is a famous woman. She was a dental surgeon. Similarly, at the Lucknow meeting in 1937, Muhammad Ali Johar was included in the working committee of the India Muslim League as a number. Similarly, his deputy Begum Nusrat Abdullah Haroon is also a well-known activist. Abdullah Haroon also worked there for some time. Begum Muhammad Rizwan took full part in the history of Pakistan.In the 1945 46 elections, the Muslim League's nomination for the provincial seats was won by a clear majority. Women from every province participated in the Tehreek-e-Pakistan. Similarly, if we look at Punjab, Women participated. Many of them are big names. They are from Punjab. Fatima Begum did a great job for Tehreek-e-Pakistan. She dedicated herself to the Muslim League. Among the supporters were two women from Kevin, as well as other women from Punjab who looked very active during the provincial elections and played a revolutionary role. The women played a very important and prominent role among the women of Punjab. Among the women of Punjab, she played a significant role in lighting the candle of Pakistan. Will Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain's name be written in golden letters? If Muslim women were giving full health containers, then a large number from Bengal also became part of Tehreek-e-Pakistan. Women from Bengal who were in the forefront of the movement were so active that they would join the procession of students side by side. Where did Ikramullah come from and he is one of the most famous women of Tehreek-e-Pakistan whose name appears in the golden letters of history. Begum Shaista Ikramullah's name and reference to her And his job was to organize Muslim students which was a difficult task but he did his best to organize Muslim students all over India and make them part of Tehreek-e-Pakistan.16 And she worked alongside the students. Women from Punjab and Bengal played a significant role. Among them Begum Nusrat Abdullah Haroon did not need any introduction. Haroon's political training was done by Begum Muhammad Ali Johar. It is an honor that she was also the President of the Hindu Women's Muslim League yesterday. She not only organized Muslim women across the country but also played a central role in making them activists of Tehreek-e-Pakistan. Begum Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah and other Muslim women also [ 30 ] became part of Tehreek-e-Pakistan through her efforts. Similarly, if we talk about NWFP, the most difficult issue for Tehreek-e-Pakistan is NWFP was in order to move the Tehreek-e-Pakistan forward, it is very important for women to be organized. The first meeting of the Women's Muslim League was organized by Fatima Begum. Kamal-ud-Din was Begum Kamalud-Din from Abbottabad and she was a very active member. She visited every village in Hazara district and persuaded women to join the Muslim League. Central Women Muslim League activists and led the civil disobedience movement. Similarly, another of those working for the history of Pakistan within the NWFP, Begum Shahi Sarfraz, is proud to have the scene of the Kaaba. I did a women's meeting. It was so big and successful. For the first time in the history of the field, there was such a gathering of women and women were formed in Mardan. Similarly, when Mood Baton came to Peshawar, the women of Sarahat staged a huge procession in favor of Tehreek-e-Pakistan and Sardar Haider of other women is noteworthy. The enthusiasm shown by the Muslim students and elders as well as the Muslim women in the Punjab by-election was visible. The by-election was held in Dera Ghazi Khan as a result of the university being equal. Did the Muslim League come here and did they explain the importance of this by-election in relation to Pakistan.

Conclusion
After the decline of Muslim rule India, it was a socio-political havoc for the Muslim nation in India. But in the end the 20 th century brought a new voice of freedom and slogan of freedom raised in India. The Muslims started their struggle against their colonial masters. The Hindus also opposed them and therefore the Muslims were facing a staunch opposition of British Government and Hindus community. In the leader ship of Muhammad Ali Jinnah when the freedom moment started after the Lahore resolution, all Muslim community participated in struggle for freedom. With political leadership, intelligentsia, journalists, Ulama became a part of the struggle it became powerful. But the contribution of the Muslim students and women was more remarkable as compared to all others. It was the effort and contribution of Muslim students' federation and women that Muslims League won the Election 1945-46. It was the remarkable efforts were considered and recognized by the leadership during the civil disobedience in Punjab. As a whole the political contribution of the Muslim Students and women in freedom Moment of Pakistan a golden chapter of Muslims history in South Asia During 20 th Century. It will always be honored in the history.