Maryam Ramzan, M. R., & Dr. Muhammad Sarwar, . D. M. S. (2026). The Concept of Purification (Tahara) in Qur’an and its Scientific Basis: A Microbiological Analysis of Wudu, Ghusl, and Tayamum. Al Khadim Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Civilization, 7(1), 1–11. Retrieved from https://arjicc.com/index.php/arjicc/article/view/498