MUHAMMAD BILAL QADRI; AHMED WAWDIWALA. Trade and Security using Political diplomacy in late Arabia by Quresh: Reinterpreting the Historical significance of Quran’s term Elaaf. Al Khadim Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Civilization, [S. l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 77–86, 2026. Disponível em: https://arjicc.com/index.php/arjicc/article/view/579. Acesso em: 18 oct. 2026.