The Esoteric interpretations of ‘‘Seeing God and Beholding Him: A Special Study of Tafsir Qadiri”
رویت باری تعالیٰ و مشاہدہ حق کی اشاری تعبیرات ( تفسیر قادری کے خصوصی حوالے سے تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ )
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53575/arjicc.v2.03(21)u6.69-90Keywords:
Mullah Husayn Kashifi, Tafsir, Sufi interpretations, Symbolic Interpretation, Attributes of God, Tafsir QadiriAbstract
The Holy Quran contains two types of verses: Muhkamat (sound, clear and evident) and Mutashabihat (not illustrative, vague and difficult to ascertain the exact meaning due to their uncertain interpretation and doubts involved therein). The interpretation of the first category is straightforward while the second is doubtful and uncertain. Therefore, it has been observed that a controversy always exists on the interpretation of these versus amongst theologians. The Divine attributes and Seeing God by humankind in this world are few of those matters which remained under the discussion of Muslim theologians. The question is whether the divine scripture can be explained by reason or not? Most of the traditionalists opine that the interpretation of these ambiguous verses are proscribed. The Ashari theologians are of the view that the Mutashabihat can be interpreted only symbolically while the exact interpretation is beyond the capacity of human beings and the matter of interpretation must be entrusted to God. The interpretation of the attributes of God- the Most High- and the reality of seeing Him is not possible. The intended meaning and original interpretation of such verses cannot be completely made by human intelligence. God Almighty is the omniscient and omnipotent who cannot be observed directly by His creatures. Then, what is the meaning of the verses which state this theme. What type of seeing is it? What are the feelings in the process of “seeing Him?” From herein starts the discussion, whether seeing God is possible or not? This paper aims to answer this question from Sufi perspective as described in Mulla HusaynKashifi’s Tafsir al-Qadiri. An overview has been given on the subject matter for a better understanding of the perspective. A contrastive study enables us to understand Kashifi’s esoteric and symbolic interpretation of this controversial issue.
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His real name is Husayn bin Ali, whose real name is Kamal al-Din. He was born in Sabzwar, Herat, Khorasan in 830 AH. Being an influential preacher and preacher, sermons became famous. He was also a writer. Naqshbandiya had a reformist relationship. Sunnis were Hanafis, but shi'a is also alleged to be false. Kashifi died in 910 AH and is buried in Herat. Among the many works, Jawahir al-Tafasir, Roodat al-Shahda, Ikhlaq Mohseni, Anwar Suhaili are well-known. He also wrote a short index commentary. Which he called 'Muwahab al-'Ala'. But in the scientific world, it is known and popularly known as Tafsir Al-Husayni. And references are given by the same name in Sufi books. And the reason for this name is its relation to the name of the exegete mentioned . This commentary has been published several times in India. Since the language of tafseer was Persian, which was translated by Maulvi Fakhruddin Ahmad Qadri in 1883 due to the arrival of the British and due to the expulsion of Persian from the country, it was published as Tafseer Qadri from Maktaba Naval Kishore, Lucknow. (Urdu Encyclopedia, Vol. 17, pp. 20,21, University of Punjab, Lahore)
Al-Ma'ida, 5:35
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Al-Nissa, 4:36
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Al-Imran, 3:170
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 140
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Lataif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 183.
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 132
Al-Imran, 3:198
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 148
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 191.
Al-Nissa, 4:31
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 162
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim b. Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 204.
Al-Nissa, 4:43
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 167
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 208.
Al-Fatiha: 6
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 3
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 13.
Al-Nissa, 4:136
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 199
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 231.
Al-Ma'ida, 5:21
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 220
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Al-Ma'ida, 5:35
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 224
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 263.
Al-Ma'ida, 5:35
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 225
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 263.
Al-Araf, 7:26
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 303
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 330.
Al-Araf, 7:31
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 304
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 331.
Al-Araf, 7:96
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 323
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 345.
Al-Araf, 7:143
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 333.
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 1, p. 353.
Al-Fatiha: 5
Kashifi, Mulla Husayn Wa'iz, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 3
Al-Anfal, 8:4
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 357
Al-Tauba, 9:41
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 392
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 52.
Yunus, 10:26
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 432
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Al-Lataif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 13.
Yunus, 10:57
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 439
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Al-Ta'if al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 20.
Yunus, 10:64
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 441
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 23.
Yunus, 10:84
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 445
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 27.
Al-Ra'ad, 13:28
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 526
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 109.
Al-Ra'ad, 13:39
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 30. 529, Maktaba Naval Kishore Lucknow, India, 1883
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 112, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1971
Abraham, 14:2
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 531
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 115.
Al-Hajar, 15:23
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 547
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 36.
Al-Hajar, 15:98
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 556
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 147.
The Children of Israel, 17:34
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 1, p. 598
Al-Kahf, 18:110
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 10
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 233.
Al-Anbiyah, 21:103
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 69
Al-Hajj, 22:34
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 79
Salma, Muhammad bin Al-Husayn bin Musa, Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azdi al-Nisha are the authors of many important books on Sufism. The date of birth is 330 AH. He met The Caliphate of Abu al-Qasim Nasrabadi. The number of preserved books has been described as 100. He wrote a comprehensive exegesis of the Qur'an in the name of Fact al-Tafseer. In which sufi interpretations were used. (Urdu Encyclopedia, pp. 430-31, University of Punjab, Lahore) March 2003)
Salma, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Musa, Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, Fiqh al-Tafseer, vol. 2, p. 24, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon. T, 2001
Al-Mominun, 23:2
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 91
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 335.
Al-Noor, 24:37
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 123
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Al-Ta'if al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 370.
Furqan, 25:21
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 138
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim b. Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 381.
Al-Shar'a, 26:79
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 158
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim b. Hawazin, Lataif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 402.
Al-Qasas, 28:30
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 196
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 437.
Al-Ankabut, 29:45
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 220
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Lataif al-Sharat, vol. 2, p. 459
Al-Ankabut, 29:69
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 226
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Shar'at, vol. 2, p. 463.
Al-Sajdah, 32:10
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 249
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 3, p. 25.
Fatir, 35:32
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 296
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Litaif al-Sharat, vol. 3, p. 69. 70
Yasin, 36:35
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 305
Al-Zamir, 39:10
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 343
Al-Shura, 42:26
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 393
Al-Qashiri, 'Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin, Al-Lataif al-Sharat, vol. 3, p. 166.
Fath, 48:17
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 447
Al-Najam, 53:17
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 480
Salma, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Musa, Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, Al-Tafsir, vol. 2, p. 286.
Al-Najam, 53:44
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 483
Salma, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Musa, Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, Al-Tafsir, vol. 2, p. 289
Al-Hadid, 57:12
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 508
Al-Talaaq, 65:9
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 552
Aldhar, 76:20
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 598
Al-Nabaa, 78:10
Kashifi, Husayn Wa'iz, Mulla, Tafsir Husayni Qadri, vol. 2, p. 603
