Carl Brockelmann’s views about Makki Era of Holy Prophet’s Life
نبی اکرمﷺ کی مکی زندگی کے بارے میں کارل بروکلمان کی آراء
Keywords:
Prophet, Muhammad (PBUH), Islam, HistoryAbstract
This is an admitted fact that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has always been in the consideration of orientalists. Non-Muslims who have written about Islam in the western world, have paid their focused attention to the biography, character and teachings of Muhammad (PHUH). In particular aspects they praise him in a very admiring style, but in the same publications they try to create doubts as well. Muslim scholars are active enough to highlight those flaws presented in the books of orientalists. German historian Carl Brockelmann is also the same case. He has written a lengthy book about Islamic history. The first phase of his book is about the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He has adopted a descriptive and analytical approach while quoting him as the spiritual leader of formative Muslim society at Makkah. In this article, Makki Era presented in that book has been taken into consideration. Object able opinions of the author have been highlighted in the light of Muslim consensus and comprehensive analysis has been given about them.
References
The Urdu translation of this book has not yet been published, but in Arabic, the Institution of Beirut has published several editions of it under the name of "Tarikh al-Sha'b al-Islamiyyah".
See, Carl Brocklemann, tran; J. Carmicbael and Mosbe perlmann, History of the Islamic people,New york, (1960),P4
Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Bukhari, Al-Jami al-Sahih, Dar-ul-Salam, Lahore( 2004), h.6010
Umar Farooq al-Saidi, Sharh Sunan Abu Dawood, Dar-ul-Salam, Lahore, (1427 AH), under H: 882
Muhammad bin Yusuf bin Abu Hayyan, Al-Bahr al-Muhit, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, vol. 3, p. 484, al-Ma'ida: 38
Al-Imran:96
History of the Islamic Peoples, P. 24,25,31
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.61
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.76
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.31
History of the Islamic Peoples, 8
History of the Islamic Peoples, 12
For an answer to the istisharaqi du'aawi concerning the Black Stone, see: 'Abd al-Karim 'Ali al-Baz, Ifta'at, Mu'assat Thamat al-Taba'ah wa'l-Nashr, (1983), pp. 91-94.
Sahih Al-Bukhaari, 1579
For an Islamic view of the Black Stone, see Zayn al-Abidin, Darasat fi al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Arqam al-Nashr wal-Tawzi, Birmingham, (1986), p. 129.
Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, Dar Sader, Beirut, vol. 12, p. 349
Al-Hajj: 30. Al-Ma'ida:90
Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, (1386 AH), vol. 2, p. 252.
Ibn Kathir, Al-Badayah wa'l-Nihaiyyah, Maktabat-ul-Ma'arif, Beirut, (1974), vol. 4, p. 301.
See:
G.M. Fraicatt, Mohmet Founder of Islam, London, (1916), P.2
R. Bosuiath Smith, Muhammad and Muhammadanism, P. 86
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.32
History of the Islamic Peoples, 13
See: Muhammad bin Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Dar Sadr, Beirut, vol. 1, pp. 100-103.
Abu al-Fida Imad al-Din Ibn Kathir, al-Badaiyyah wa'l-Nihaiyyah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, vol. 2, pp. 242-244
Henry Lammence, L’age de Mahomet er la chronologic de la sira, Journal Asiatique, Serie, X, T. 17, P. 20ff
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.32
History of the Islamic Peoples, 13
Ibid
History of the Islamic Peoples, 13
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.33
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.32
History of the Islamic Peoples, P. 14
Al-Room: 21
See: Maryam Khunsa, Sayyida Khadija al-Kubra as a wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), Mashrbah Knowledge and Wisdom, Lahore, 1423 AH, pp. 18-31.
Muhammad Idrees Farooqi, Sirat Khadija al-Kubra, Dar-ul-Salam, Lahore, 2006, pp. 60-97.
Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Sirat Syeda Khadija al-Kubra, Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, Lahore, 2002, pp. 24-50
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.34
P 14
Ignác Goldziher, Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law, trans. Andras and Ruth Hamori. Princeton University Press, 1981. Arabic translation, Maktaba tul Qahirah, 1048, P. 21
It was a sect of Jews who believed that spiritual knowledge derived from morals is stronger than faith gained from deeds. (Muhammad Shafiq Gharbal, Al-Mawsoo'ah al-Arabiya al-Misra, Dar-i-Ahya al-Tarath al-Arabi, Beirut, (1865), p. 1258)
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.48
P 21
P 22
Al-Shura: 192-197
Al-Baqarah: 89
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.33
Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Defense of the Creed and Sharia against the Slander of Orientalists, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Hadith, Egypt, 1384 AH, p. 35
Ahmad Muhammad Jamal, Miftriyat 'Ali al-Islam, Mu'sisat Dar al-Sha'b, al-Qahra, (1395 AH), p. 36
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.34
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.34
History of the Islamic Peoples, 14
Al-Najam: 19-23
Al-Hijjar: 9
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.36
PP 14-15
Al-Saaba: 28
Al-Shoura: 52
Al-Inaam: 50
Muhammad al-Ghazali, Defence of al-Aqadah wa'l-Shari'ah, Da'd-Maza'am al-Mustashirqin, Cairo, (1395 AH), p. 23
Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Zubair, Islam and orientalists, Chapter: Sirat and Orientalists, Maktabat(2014), p. 116
Look at this:
Hakeem Imran Saqib, Bible and Muhammad Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam, Maktaba Qudsia, Lahore n), pp. 77-349
Dr. Ibad-ur-Rehman, Ali Gohar, Israeli Traditions and Biblical Prophecies concerning the Life of Tayyaba, Acta Islamica, Vol. 3, Issue 2, (2015), pp. 45-58
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.36,37
Page 15
Al-Qalam: 51
Al-Haaqua: 40-42.
Al-Takweer: 22
History of the Islamic Peoples, P.44
History of the Islamic Peoples, 20
According to Dr Israr Ahmad, the narrations of Miraj are narrated from twenty-eight Companions. See:
Dr. Israr Ahmad, Meraj-un-Nabi, Central Anjuman Khudam-ul-Quran, Lahore, (2005) p. 8
Ibrahim al-Laqani, Ummatul Murid Sharh Jauharat al-Tawheed, Dar al-Noor, Amman (2016), vol. 3, p. 1051.
Al-Shaykh al-Bajori, Tuhfat al-Murid, Taba'at dar al-Biruti, Damascus, (1423 AH), p. 332
