Imam Bazzar's approach to deal with difference of replacing one companion with another in the chain of narrators.
الأحاديث التي أعلها الامام البزار بالاختلاف في ابدال الصحابي بالآخر( مسند أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه نموذجا)
Keywords:
Companions, Difference, Replacement, Chain of Narrators, DefectiveAbstract
Hidden defects in a hadith are subtle flaws that can undermine a narration’s authenticity even if its chain of narrators appears sound. Misattributing a hadith and replacing one companion with another is one of the hidden defects that occur in the chain of narrators and lead to weakening of hadith. Therefore, judgement on such traditions is based on certain factors which are discussed in the sciences of hadith and its hidden defects. This paper analyzes approach of Imam Al-Bazzar in dealing with hidden defect of replacing one companion with another in the chain of narrators and its effects on judgement of Hadith.
References
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This addition was unique to Imam al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his history, and al-Sam’ani followed him in al-Ansab. See: Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Thabit al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, 5/548, edited by Dr. Bashar Awad Maarouf, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut, 1422 AH; and Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Sam'ani, al-Ansab, 2/195, edited by Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya al-Mu'allimi and others, Majlis Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-'Uthmaniyya, Hyderabad, 1382 AH.
With a fatha on the 'ayn and a ta' with two dots above it. Attributed to 'Atik, a branch of the Azd tribe. (Al-Ansab, 9/227)
It seems that al-Bazzar is attributed to them through allegiance, as al-Khatib al-Baghdadi quoted Ibn Sa'id as saying: "Ahmad ibn 'Amr ibn 'Abd al-Khaliq, Abu Bakr al-Bazzar al-'Ataki, their client, the memorizer of hadith." (Tarikh Baghdad: 5/548)
Al-Azdi: with a fatha on the alif, a sukun on the zay, and a kasra on the dal, referring to "Azd Shanu'a," which is Azd ibn al-Ghawth ibn Nabt ibn Malik ibn Zayd ibn Kahlan ibn Saba'. (Al-Ansab: 1/180-181)
Al-Bazzar: with a fatha on the ba' and a shadda on the zay, ending with a ra'. Al-Sam'ani said: This is a name for someone who extracts oil from seeds or sells it, and a group of prominent scholars, both past and present, were known by this name. Ibn Nasir al-Din said: Al-Bazzar is a name given to someone who makes oil from flax seeds, in the language of the Baghdadis. (See Al-Ansab: 2/194, and Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah (Abu Bakr) ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Mujahid al-Qaysi al-Dimashqi, clarification) Suspected in the accuracy of the names, lineages, titles, and nicknames of the narrators, 1/484, edited by Muhammad Na'im al-'Arqsusi, Al-Risalah Foundation, Beirut, 1993 CE.
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Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin bi-Asbahan, 3/386
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Su'alat al-Hakim li-l-Daraqutni, p. 92
Mizan al-I'tidal 1/124
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See the book's introduction.
Tarikh Baghdad, 5/548 and Tarikh Asbah, 1/138.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi al-Shawarib al-Umawi al-Basri, a reliable narrator from the tenth generation. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, 494).
Yazid ibn Zuray' al-Basri, Abu Mu'awiyah. Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ar'arah said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan: "There was no one here more reliable than Yazid ibn Zuray'." Abu Bakr al-Asadi said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: "He was the ultimate authority in Basra in terms of reliability." Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, on the authority of his father: "He was the pride of Basra." Abu Talib said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: "How proficient and knowledgeable he was! What sound hadith he narrated! A reliable and meticulous narrator." He also said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: “Anything that Yazid ibn Zuray’ narrated from Sa’id ibn Abi ‘Arubah, do not worry if you do not hear it from anyone else. His hearing from Sa’id was long-standing, and he used to take hadith with good intentions.” Ishaq ibn Mansur said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma’in: “He is trustworthy.” ‘Abd al-Khaliq ibn Mansur said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma’in: “Yazid ibn Zuray’ is truthful, trustworthy, and reliable.” Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: “He is trustworthy and reliable.” (See: Al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil: 9/Biography 1113 and Al-Ma’rifah wa al-Tarikh: 2/139, Taqrib al-Tahdhib, 601).
Mu'ammar ibn Rashid al-Azdi al-Haddani, Abu 'Urwah ibn Abi 'Amr al-Basri, the freed slave of 'Abd al-Salam ibn 'Abd al-Quddus. Abu Bakr ibn Abi Khaythama said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma'in: Mu'ammar and Yunus were knowledgeable about al-Zuhri, but Mu'ammar was more reliable in his narrations from al-Zuhri than Ibn 'Uyaynah. 'Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi said: I asked Yahya ibn Ma'in, "Is Ibn 'Uyaynah more reliable to you in narrating from al-Zuhri, or Mu'ammar?" He replied, "Mu'ammar." Al-Darimi also said: I asked Yahya ibn Ma'in about the companions of al-Zuhri, "Is Mu'ammar more reliable to you in narrating from al-Zuhri, or Malik?" He replied, "Malik." Ibn al-Junayd said: Yahya ibn Ma'in was asked, while I was listening, "Who is the most reliable narrator from al-Zuhri?" He replied, "Malik ibn Anas, then Mu'ammar, then 'Uqayl, then Yunus, then Shu'ayb, al-Awza'i, al-Zubaydi, and Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah. All of these are trustworthy." He said elsewhere: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'in say: The companions of al-Zuhri were Shu'ayb, Ma'mar, 'Aqil, Yunus, and al-Awza'i. A man asked Yahya: What about Malik ibn Anas? He replied: He is among the most eminent of them. He also said elsewhere: It was said to Yahya ibn Ma'in, while I was listening: Did Ma'mar ibn Rashid not see al-Hasan al-Basri? He replied: No. (See: al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil: 8/Biography 1165; Tarikh Ibn Ma'in, Biographies 3, 8, 20; Su'alat Ibn al-Junayd, Biographies 156, 545, and 639)
Jami' al-Tirmidhi, 4/390.
Sahih Ibn Hibban, 13/445.
'Ilal al-Hadith, 6/19.
'Ilal al-Daraqutni, 12/201.
al-Muzakkiyat, p. 86.
al-Istidhkar, 8/415.
Tarikh Dimashq, 59/392.
al-Ahadith al-Mukhtarah, 7/193. Sharh 'Ilal al-Tirmidhi, 2/766-767.
Mawarid al-Zam'an, 1/341.
See: Al-Tarikh al-Kabir, 1/325, and Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil: 8/257; and Taqrib al-Tahdhib, 541.
See: Tahdhib al-Kamal, 2/525; and Usd al-Ghabah, 1/206; and Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, 1/326; and Taqrib al-Tahdhib, 104.
Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah, p. 132.
Nuzhat al-Nazar, p. 142.
Sharh 'Ilal al-Tirmidhi, 1/109.
The same source, 2/766.
Tahdhib al-Kamal, 18/57; Encyclopedia of the Sayings of Imam Ahmad, 2/358.
Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Karim (Abu Hatim) ibn Nafi' al-Azdi al-Basri, trustworthy. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 513). Khalid ibn Makhlad al-Qatwani, Abu al-Haytham al-Bajali, their freedman, from Kufa, was truthful but inclined towards Shi'ism and had a few narrators. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 190).
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn al-Mughirah ibn Nawfal ibn al-Harith al-Hashimi al-Nawfali was weak, from the sixth generation. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 603).
Zayd ibn Aslam al-Adawi, the freedman of Umar. Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, on the authority of his father, Abu Zur'ah, Abu Hatim, Muhammad ibn Sa'd, al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Kharrash said: He was trustworthy. This was also reported by Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Shahin. Ibn Hibban, Ibn Adi, and others considered him trustworthy. Ya'qub ibn Shaybah said: He was trustworthy, knowledgeable in jurisprudence and had an understanding of Quranic exegesis. He authored a book on Quranic exegesis. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: He was a trustworthy scholar, and he transmitted hadiths from the third generation (see: Al-`Ilal: 1/134; Al-Thiqat by Ibn Shahin, 383; Al-Jarh wa Al-Ta`dil: 3/Biography 2511; Tarikh Dimashq (its abridgment: 5/440); Al-Thiqat by Ibn Hibban (1/folio 144; Al-Kamil: 1/folio 368; and Taqrib Al-Tahdhib, p. 222).
`Ilal Al-Daraqutni, 15/424.
Atraf Al-Ghara`ib wa Al-Afrad, 2/93.
Ma`rifat Al-Tadhkirah, p. 99.
Fath Al-Bari,
Al-Mudawi `Ilal Al-Jami` Al-Saghir wa Sharhi Al-Manawi, 1/551.
Majma` Al-Zawa`id, 1/315.
Zam`ah ibn Salih Al-Jundi Al-Yamani. `Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, on the authority of his father: He is weak. `Abbas Al-Duri said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma`in: He is weak, but his hadiths are more reliable than Salih ibn Abi Al-Akhdar. He also said: Zam`ah is a reliable narrator of hadith. Ibn Tahman said about him: He is a weak narrator of hadith. Abu Ubayd al-Ajurri said: I asked Abu Dawud about Zam'ah, and he said: He is weak. I said to Ahmad: Which is greater, Zam'ah or Salih ibn Abi al-Akhdar? He said: This one is not reliable. Al-Bukhari said: He contradicts himself in his hadith. Ibn Mahdi abandoned him at last. And he said in his answers to al-Tirmidhi's questions: His hadith is worthless; he does not know the sound from the unsound hadith. I do not narrate from him, and I do not narrate from anyone like him. Amr ibn Ali said: He is weak in hadith, and al-Thawri and Ibn Mahdi narrated from him. I never heard Yahya mention him, and his hadith is acceptable despite his weakness. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: He is weak, and his hadith in Muslim is corroborated (see: al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil: 3/Biography 2823, Tarikh Ibn Ma'in: 2/174, Su'alat al-Ajurri: 3/Biography 290, al-Tarikh al-Kabir: 3/Biography 1505, al-'Ilal al-Kabir, folio 75, al-Kamil by Ibn 'Adi: 1/folio 376, Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 217).
Taqrib al-Tahdhib: p. 280
Tahdhib al-Kamal, 26/386.
Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 505
Previous reference: p. 506.
Misbah al-Zujajah, 1/72.
Ilal al-Daraqutni, 12/180.
Muhammad ibn Mu'ammar ibn Rabi' al-Qaysi, al-Bahrani, narrated from Abu Bakr al-Hanafi, and al-Bazzar narrated from him. He was truthful. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 508)
Usamah ibn Zayd al-Laythi, their freed slave. Abu Talib said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: Yahya ibn Sa'id abandoned him later. Abu Bakr al-Athram said, on the authority of Ahmad: He is nothing. Abdullah ibn Ahmad said, on the authority of his father: He narrated objectionable hadiths from Nafi'. He said: I said to him: I consider his hadiths to be good. He said: If you examine his hadiths, you will find the objectionable ones in them. Abu Bakr ibn Abi Khaythama said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma'in: Yahya ibn Sa'id considered him weak. Abu Ya'la said, quoting Yahya ibn Ma'in: "He is trustworthy and righteous." Uthman ibn Sa'id ibn al-Darimi said, quoting Yahya: "There is nothing wrong with him." Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: "He is truthful but makes mistakes." (See: Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil by Ibn Abi Hatim: 1/1/284, 285; Al-Kamil by Ibn 'Adi: 2/folio: 196; Tarikh Ibn Ma'in, narrated by al-Dawri: 2/22; Tarikh Uthman al-Darimi, folio: 5; Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 98)
Al-Zuhri, Muhammad ibn Muslim al-Zuhri, the jurist and memorizer of hadith, whose eminence and mastery are unanimously agreed upon. He is among the leading figures of the fourth generation. (See: Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 506).
Al-'Ilal al-Kabir, p. 145.
Al-'Ilal al-Darqutni, 12/174.
Sunan al-Darqutni, 5/205.
Al-Ahadith al-Mukhtarah, 7/177. Majma' al-Zawa'id, 3/24
Al-'Ilal al-Kabir by al-Tirmidhi, p. 144
Al-Tamhid, 12/92
Muhammad ibn Bakr ibn 'Uthman al-Barsani, Abu 'Uthman al-Basri. Hanbal ibn Ishaq said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: "His hadith is acceptable." 'Abbas al-Duri said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma'in: "Al-Barsani narrated to us, and by God, he was witty and well-mannered." 'Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi said, on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma'in, Abu Dawud, and al-'Ijli: "He is trustworthy." Ibn al-Junayd said the same on the authority of Yahya ibn Ma'in. Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Ammar al-Mawsili said: "He was not a hadith scholar; we abandoned him and did not hear from him." Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr al-Khatib said: Meaning that he was not like other memorizers of his time, namely: Hayy ibn Sa'id al-Qattan, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi and their like. Ibn Hibban mentioned him in al-Thiqat. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: Truthful but makes mistakes, from the ninth generation (See: Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil: 7 / Biography 1175. Tarikh Ibn Ma'in: 2 / 506. Su'alat al-Ajurri: 4 / Folio 6. Tarikh al-Khatib: 2 / 93. Su'alat Ibn al-Junayd, Folio 25. Al-Thiqat by Ibn Hibban, 7 / 442. Taqrib al-Tahdhib, p. 470).
