ANALYSIS THE PRINCIPLES OF WAR IN REVEALED AND UN REVEALED RELIGIONS

الہامی اورغیرالہامی(ہندو) مذاہب میں جنگ کے احکام و اصولوںکاجائزہ

Abstract

Historically in the world, societies have experienced disorderly conditions on moral, legal and institutional grounds۔ In the result, attempts have been made to alter the situations or conditions to the favorable and conducive level۔ Revolutions, religious movements and political movements have been initiated for the betterment of human life and mutual coexistence which sometimes were at the cost of blood wars and interpersonal conflicts۔ Therefore, different social and political approaches have been developed and used for the constructive development of humans۔In Islam, in order to bring positive and sustainable changes and create peaceful environment for people, the philosophical and political concept of Jihad was developed for the Muslims especially in the Arab continent to safeguard themselves from external and internal evil forces۔  This paper deals with how and why the concept of Jihad was developed and used in different ears in the Muslim world, and how Muslims acted and reacted on it۔ By critically reviewing relevant available literature on the topic of Jihad and its different explanations and connotations, this paper presents scholarly findings how Jihad has been perceived in previous times and in the modern world۔ The literature which discusses and explains actions and teachings of Holy Prophet and reactions of Muslims during conflicting situations with other non-Muslims, and with neighboring countries, has been thoroughly reviewed with critical eye to derive meaningful concepts and findings which can help us understand the philosophy of Jihad and its explanations۔  As the common and traditional interpretation of Jihad is that it means defending Muslim communities against unwanted external situations like wars or attempts of external forces which can corrupt and bring deviance in the Muslim world۔ It also means to fight with internal forces like Shaitan who motivates Muslims to be deviant, morally corrupt and religiously involve in sinful acts۔ In modern philosophy, it means to strive for positive acts which can cause personal and collective benefits۔ For example, though it is traditional concept and once acted on practice that spread the true and peaceful message of Islam to others as they can come to right path of Islam۔  For discussion and reaching to the authentic concept of Jihad, different views and scholarly arguments of scholars have been cited and referred to for example, well-known medieval scholars related to Hanfi School and Quranic verses and Islamic interpretations have been benefited from۔ This paper will be helpful for the scholars of Islam and students of Islamichistory